Race
A geographical population of a species that is slightly different from other populations; a subspecies.

Range
The geographical area or areas inhabited by a species.

Raptor
A member of the hawk or owl orders, often synonymous with birds of prey, but does not include all predators; does include eagles, falcons, harriers, kites, ospreys, owls, and vultures.

Reef
A sedimentary rock aggregate, large or small, composed of the remains of colonial-type organisms that lived near or below the surface of water bodies, mainly marine, and developed relatively large vertical dimensions as compared with the proportions of adjacent sedimentary rock. In canyon country a "reef" is simply a nautical term carried over into geology to describe a barrier, such as Waterpocket Fold in Capital Reef National Park in Utah.

Repatination
The slow reforming of patina or desert varnish over a glyph. Used as a means of estimating the age of rock art. Figures that have repatinated are considered older.

Replacement
A process by which one mineral replaces another, while often retaining the physical form of the first mineral.

Reservation
Federally owned tract of land set aside for Native Americans, usually with its own set of laws and regulations.

Resident
Remaining in one place all year; nonmigratory.

Ridge
A relatively narrow elevation which is prominent on account of the steep angle at which it rises. The narrow, elongated crest of a hill or mountain; an elongated hill; a range of hills or mountains.

Rincon
A box canyon.

Riparian
The association of life, specifically plant life, living and growing on the bank of a spring, stream, river, lake, or other water body.

Ripple Mark
An undulating surface of alternating subparallel small-scale ridges and hollows produced on a sediment on land by wind action and under water by currents or by the agitation of water in wave action.

Ripstop
Fabrics that resist tear due to a checkerboard or diamond pattern of threads.

Road
A vehicle route that is either paved or graded.

Roast
To bake in hot air, not in a flame, without water or cover.

Rock
Any naturally formed, solid aggregate of one or more minerals.

Rock Art
Any form of imagery on rocks. Includes petroglyphs, pictographs, pictoglyphs, and geoglyphs. Rock art does not denote a language, but is a record of ideas and images.

Rock Glacier
A glacier-like tongue of angular rock waste usually heading in cirques or other steep-walled amphitheaters and in many cases grading into true glaciers. There are many rock glaciers found along the edges of the Aquarius Plateau.

Rock Varnish
A thin dark shiny film or coating, composed of iron oxide accompanied by traces of manganese oxide and silica, formed on the surfaces of pebbles, boulders, ledges, rock outcrops, and other rock fragments after long exposure and microbial/chemical alterations. Also called desert varnish.

Route
When there are no trails, the desired path may lead up a ridge or canyon, or cross country. Some routes may be marked by cairns. Others may be visible, but they are not established enough to be called a trail.

Rucksack
Essentially a pack bag with shoulder straps and sometimes a hip belt. The frameless rucksack is a light pack best suited to light loads.

Runner
A stem that grows on the surface of the soil, often developing leaves, roots, and new plants at the nodes or tip.

Rut
Annual period of sexual activity in some mammals.

RV
Recreational vehicle.